![]() ![]() Results: The 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in the athletes compared with controls although serum testosterone levels were comparable between groups and within normal reference values. The athletes performed standardized physical performance tests and body composition was established by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum androgens and urinary androgen metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated using direct digit measurements. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 104 Swedish female Olympic athletes participating in power, endurance and technical sports and 117 sedentary controls. We aimed to compare the 2D:4D ratio in female Olympic athletes with sedentary controls, and to investigate the 2D:4D ratio in relation to serum and urinary androgens and physical performance in the athletes. Little is known about the role of the 2D:4D ratio in relation to serum and urinary androgens for physical performance in female athletes. 4Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Swedenīackground: The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) is suggested to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone.3Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.Emma Eklund 1, Lena Ekström 2, John-Olof Thörngren 2, Magnus Ericsson 2, Bo Berglund 3 and Angelica Lindén Hirschberg 1,4 * ![]()
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